On the bacteriostatic activity of hyaluronic acid composite films

Biofilm-related infections and contamination of biomaterials are major problems in the clinic. These contaminations frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus a pressing issue for implantable devices, catheters, contact lenses, prostheses, wound dressings. Strategies to decrease biofilm related vital success biomaterials. In this context, hyaluronic acid (HA), naturally derived carbohydrate polymer, known be biocompatible, degradable, immunomodulatory, has shown some antimicrobial activity effects. Due its poor structural stability, crosslinking strategies, incorporation reinforcing fibres HA gels is required produce tailored varying applications. Whilst carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanofibers (CNF), present intrinsic their high surface area, herein, strategy enhance mechanical properties regulate rate degradation presented. We utilise bis-(?-isocyanatoethyl) disulphide (BIED) crosslinker with gel reinforced using 0.25 wt% CNF. The effects CNF BIED on structural, mechanical, thermal, swelling behaviour examined. new derivatives exhibit excellent capable withstanding physiological stresses vivo. Antimicrobial were tested against results reveal antibacterial effect. based materials have potential application surfaces within clinical settings where staphylococcal currently an issue.